European Musings: What Makes a Liveable Place?

I just returned from three weeks in Europe, and since I am a seat-fo-the-pants traveler I had many opportunities to hang out in (and get lost in--an event that usually preceded my decision to hang out) a lot of urban environments that are one heck of a lot older than most anything we have here in the USA. On one of these excursions, having found sufficient funding for a glass of red wine, like a good planner my mind soon wandered to thoughts of urban form and social interaction, and I wondered: what really makes these impossibly historic, totally mixed use/income cities so darn liveable? Is it the lovely structures? The wide sidewalks? The shopping? The wine?
Now you should know that this question came to mind as I sat peacefully in the middle of a major collector street. This was possible because the street has about 25 feet devoted to two way auto traffic, and a gazillion feet devoted to people. Most of the people space was in the middle of the road, which had been raised about half a foot. Its edges were lined with trees; most of the rest was peppered with tables and chairs so people could eat food cooked in the restaurants on the other side of the car lanes--a situation which made for interesting moments as the waiters weaved their way through the crawling cars. There were also kiosks selling trinkets, costumed mimes of every shape, bicyclists, a very talented tapdancing juggler, and so many walkers that you could barely get through.
You could spend a day in such a place alone, and never feel bored or lonely. In fact you might have to spend the day if you order food because the waiters will ignore you. I discussed this with several European friends and they all said that this occurs because the waiters don't want to be rude by interrupting you to see if you need something, as they do in America. The point of eating is not to eat, but to socialize--fast food is an oxymoron!
I've seen similar places in city after city and village after village in Europe, Asia, Central America and Australia, yet they are scarce as hens teeth in the USA. Even most of our New Urbanist developments don't come close. What makes these places liveable is not the buildings or the sidewalks or even the wine, it's the way all these things and more work together to create an environment designed to attract people. Like eating, these spaces fill our need for social interaction in wonderful, unpredictable ways that are a far cry from the public spaces in many US suburbs, downtown, and even New Urbanist developments.
Cities and towns in most of the rest of the world have much worse traffic, older/smaller housing, and a horrific lack of department stores, groceries and supercenters, but when it comes to liveability they have it nailed. What can we take back and use in the USA from these amazing places?

Livable Communities: The Human Connection

When my GRA suggested "4D Planning" as the name for this blog, I really didn't know what he meant--nor did I have a clue what blogging was. So I neglected my blog, figuring I should at least get my digital camera figured out before venturing further into cyberspace.

I still don't have the camera issues solved (how the heck do you download a photo album to/from Facebook?!), but I now see that there is a very important, but neglected, dimension of creating liveable communities that is of great interest to me. Whether you are looking at a "Top Ten Cities to Find a Rich Partner" article on the Internet (quit that and get back to studying, you!) or you're reading an academic paper (props--but stay awake!), the data typically used to assess community liveability usually falls into these categories:
safety (including everything from cancer to drug deals to murder)
shelter (including variety, affordability, etc.), and
services (from grocery stores to bike paths to jobs).

But as I read the wise words of others, and did my own research into what makes a place really nice to live, and experienced widely different communities directly through moving and travel, I realized there is a fourth category--dare I say, a fourth dimension?--that needs to be present if our hoods are to be places where people can not just exist, but thrive. Planners call it social capital, and it includes every aspect of human connections, from knowing your neighbors to joining local groups to having places to people-watch to meeting that hot guy down the street.

Ironically, despite our Internet connectivity, opportunities for interacting with live humans in positive ways can be hard to find (especially if you don't like bars!)--and just as living in a high crime or polluted area can shorten your life, this situation can not only make you lonely, it can even shorten your life!

So thanks Prashant, for naming this blog 4D Planning. In future posts I want to explore this aspect further, and hear from you as well! What can we do to retrofit our suburbs to encourage social interaction? What can we learn from cities in other nations? Do our original neighborhoods--designed before the car--have something to teach us? Is this social engineering? Is everything social engineering? Does it matter?

THE TEXAS TRIANGLE

The past few decades have seen the emergence of megacities--that is, the merging of several metropolitan areas into megapolitan urban forms. This has occurred in the eastern United States, in parts of Europe, and in several other locations worldwide. Many more megacities may now be emerging; for example, some contend that an urban triangle (a new urban form) is developing in Texas between Dallas, Houston and San Antonio. The Texas Triangle (which includes the Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston, Austin and San Antonio areas) is expected to double in population over the next 25 years; by 2030, the 57,000-square mile area will be home to more than 14 million people. Nearly 50,000 new teachers will be needed to educate the 718,000 new students in the area. Truck and rail freight traffic is expected to increase by 60 percent, and air traffic will rise by 40 percent. All this will take place in an area with some of the best farmland in the nation; one of the most extensive and fragile aquifer recharge areas, an area already subject to special protection; the protected habitats of numerous endangered species; and areas that are frequently subject to tornadoes, hurricanes and subsidence. Yet to date, no one has studied this growth as a coherent whole, nor have any design strategies been developed to make the growth more sustainable and minimize its damage to the environment.

URBAN MEGAREGIONS

Recent evidence shows that many more megacities are now emerging; for example, some contend that an urban triangle (a new urban form) is developing in Texas. The growth in these new megacities is largely unguided and unsustainable.

The Texas Triangle (which includes the Dallas/Fort Worth, Houston, Austin and San Antoniomile area will be home to more than 14 million people. Nearly 50,000 new teachers will be needed to educate the 718,000 new students in the area. Truck and rail freight traffic is expected to increase by 60 percent, and air traffic will rise by 40 percent. All this will take place in an area with some of the best farmland in the nation; one of the most extensive and fragile aquifer recharge areas, an area already subject to special protection; the protected habitats of numerous endangered species; and areas that are frequently subject to tornadoes, hurricanes and subsidence. Yet to date, no one has studied this growth as a coherent whole, nor have any design strategies been developed to make the growth more sustainable and minimize its damage to the environment. areas) is expected to double in population over the next 25 years; by 2030, the 57,000-square

We conducted two interdisciplinary graduate-level classes to gather information, analyze it, and use it as a basis for beginning to plan and design for the enormous growth expected in the Texas Triangle. The students collected an unprecedented amount of data on the Triangle, then used the techniques on land suitability analysis to create development templates that would improve the area’s future growth patterns. It was interesting to draw conclusions for interdisciplinary design studios using real-world projects.